{"id":8728,"date":"2018-01-29T17:41:11","date_gmt":"2018-01-29T16:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/?p=8728"},"modified":"2020-11-10T11:26:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T10:26:45","slug":"9-11-2001","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/9-11-2001\/","title":{"rendered":"9 \/ 11 (2001)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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11 septembre 2001 - Attentats contre le World Trade Center et le Pentagone<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
Herodote.net \u2013 Andr\u00e9 Laran\u00e9 \u2013 11 sep 2016<\/em><\/pre>\n
Le 11 septembre 2001, pour la troisi\u00e8me fois de leur Histoire apr\u00e8s la guerre anglo-am\u00e9ricaine de 1812, l\u2019attaque de Pearl Harbor le 7 d\u00e9cembre 1941, les \u00c9tats-Unis sont agress\u00e9s sur leur propre sol.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Les tours du World Trade Center frapp\u00e9es par les avions des terroristes (11 septembre 2001)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Quatre avions de ligne sont d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s par des terroristes islamistes de la mouvance al-Qaida<\/em>. Deux s'\u00e9crasent avec leurs occupants sur les tours jumelles du World Trade Center<\/em>, \u00e0 New York, et un troisi\u00e8me sur le Pentagone (le minist\u00e8re des arm\u00e9es), \u00e0 Washington. Le quatri\u00e8me s'\u00e9crase dans un bois de Pennsylvanie, les passagers ayant tent\u00e9 au sacrifice de leur vie de ma\u00eetriser les terroristes.<\/p>\n
Au total, environ 3\u00a0000 morts et disparus. L'effondrement des tours ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 film\u00e9 en direct, l'\u00e9motion est immense dans le monde.<\/p>\n
Les Am\u00e9ricains sont d'autant plus constern\u00e9s que le chef du commando terroriste,\u00a0Mohammed Atta, jeune architecte d'origine \u00e9gyptienne, donnait l'apparence d'\u00eatre bien int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans leur soci\u00e9t\u00e9, tout comme ses acolytes.<\/p>\n
Le pr\u00e9sident George Bush Jr<\/em>, apr\u00e8s un moment d'\u00e9garement, engage le fer contre al-Qaida<\/em> et son chef myst\u00e9rieux\u00a0Oussama Ben Laden, h\u00e9ritier d'une richissime famille d'Arabie s\u00e9oudite originaire du Y\u00e9men, tr\u00e8s proche des cercles du pouvoir de Riyad. Moins d'un mois plus tard, une coalition internationale envahit l'Afghanistan, o\u00f9 Ben Laden a trouv\u00e9 refuge aupr\u00e8s des talibans<\/em> islamistes. Au bout de quelques mois de frappes militaires, le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain et ses alli\u00e9s caressent l'espoir\u00a0d'avoir vaincu l'hydre terroriste. Ben Laden lui-m\u00eame est abattu dans son repaire pakistanais, le 2 mai 2011, soit dix ans apr\u00e8s les attentats...<\/p>\n
En d\u00e9pit de leur retentissement m\u00e9diatique, les attentats de New York et Washington inaugurent une d\u00e9cennie relativement peu meurtri\u00e8re,\u00a0en d\u00e9finitive comme\u00a0la moins belliciste\u00a0dans le monde depuis au moins un si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n
Cette premi\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie du XXIe si\u00e8cle s'ach\u00e8ve sur les r\u00e9volutions arabes, per\u00e7ues comme un pied-de-nez aux terroristes d'al-Qaida<\/em> et \u00e0 l'islamisme apparu\u00a0vingt ans plus t\u00f4t en Iran. Elles vont malheureusement tourner court.<\/p>\n
De graves cons\u00e9quences sur le long terme<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Les attentats ont de graves cons\u00e9quences int\u00e9rieures aux \u00c9tats-Unis, avec des r\u00e9percussions \u00e9normes et dramatiques en Europe occidentale et au Moyen-Orient. Celles-ci sont de trois ordres :<\/p>\n
- Soucieux\u00a0de lutter\u00a0contre le terrorisme, les gouvernements multiplient les mesures r\u00e9pressives jusqu'\u00e0 banaliser des dispositions orwelliennes (cam\u00e9ras de surveillance, fichage des empreintes ADN, fouilles au corps...).<\/p>\n
- Pour restaurer la confiance apr\u00e8s le choc \u00e9motionnel des attentats, le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain convainc la R\u00e9serve F\u00e9d\u00e9rale<\/em> et les banques d'ouvrir les vannes du cr\u00e9dit. Il va s'ensuivre une bulle sp\u00e9culative et le d\u00e9veloppement des \u00ab\u00a0hedge funds\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> ou fonds de couverture<\/em> jusqu'\u00e0 l'effondrement bancaire de 2008 avec ses r\u00e9percussions foudroyantes sur l'Europe et la zone euro.<\/p>\n
- Ayant\u00a0engag\u00e9\u00a0des op\u00e9rations militaires tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuses (et vaines) en Afghanistan et en Irak, le\u00a0gouvernement de George Bush se refuse \u00e0 couvrir les d\u00e9penses suppl\u00e9mentaires par des hausses d'imp\u00f4t. Il s'ensuit une aggravation exponentielle des d\u00e9ficits am\u00e9ricains\u00a0: dette publique et d\u00e9ficit commercial (\u00ab\u00a0twin deficits\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> ou d\u00e9ficits jumeaux<\/em>) au profit surtout de la Chine.<\/p>\n
- Plus gravement, au Moyen-Orient, les interventions en Afghanistan et surtout en Irak ont pour effet de d\u00e9stabiliser tout l'Orient arabe et de r\u00e9activer avec une ampleur in\u00e9dite les conflits communautaires entre sunnites, chiites et autres.<\/p>\n
Tous les ingr\u00e9dients des crises des ann\u00e9es 2010, en Europe comme au Moyen-Orient trouvent ainsi une bonne part de leur origine dans les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 et, plus encore, dans la mani\u00e8re dont le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain a r\u00e9agi \u00e0 celles-ci. De ce point de vue, la mort du terroriste Mohammed Atta, de ses complices et de leurs malheureuses victimes n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 sans effet sur le d\u00e9roulement de l'Histoire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
11 septembre 2001 – Attentats contre le World Trade Center et le Pentagone Herodote.net \u2013 Andr\u00e9 Laran\u00e9 \u2013 11 sep 2016 Le 11 septembre 2001, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_full.php","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-la-voie-des-usa"],"yoast_head":"\n9 \/ 11 (2001) Jumelage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/9-11-2001\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"9 \/ 11 (2001) Jumelage\" \/>\n<meta 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