{"id":30629,"date":"2022-03-01T11:06:06","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T10:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/?p=30629"},"modified":"2022-03-01T11:06:07","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T10:06:07","slug":"les-americains-a-la-peine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/les-americains-a-la-peine\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 la peine ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les Am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 la peine\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
Le Figaro \u2013Jean-Pierre Robin \u2013 28 f\u00e9v 2022<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>A l\u2019issue de deux ann\u00e9es de pand\u00e9mie, il est des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s qui singularisent la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine et la fragilisent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00eame. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, la surmortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la Covid 19 s\u2019est traduite par une chute spectaculaire de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Et de l\u2019autre, les \u00c9tats-Unis font face \u00e0 une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie historique d\u2019homicides au point que le mill\u00e9sime 2020 aura \u00e9t\u00e9 bien plus meurtrier que la sinistre ann\u00e9e 2001 marqu\u00e9e par les attentats terroristes du 11 Septembre, qui avaient fait 3.047 morts.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Plus encore que la l\u00e9talit\u00e9 de la \u00adCovid-19 (2.838 d\u00e9c\u00e8s par million d\u2019habitants \u00e0 ce jour outre-Atlantique et 2.249 dans l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne), le recul de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e0 la naissance est impressionnant. Durant la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de la pand\u00e9mie, o\u00f9 l\u2019on ne disposait pas encore de vaccin, celle-ci a chut\u00e9 de 1,8 ann\u00e9e, passant de 78,8 ans en 2019 \u00e0 77 en 2020 (79,9 ans pour les femmes et 74,2 ans pour les hommes), selon le bilan publi\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre dernier par le National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)<\/em>. Une baisse trois fois plus importante qu\u2019en France, par exemple, o\u00f9 l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie des Fran\u00e7aises a diminu\u00e9 de 0,5 an en 2020, revenant \u00e0 85,2 ans, et celle des Fran\u00e7ais de 0,6 an, \u00e0 79,2 ans, selon l\u2019Insee<\/em>. Il ne s\u2019agit ni d\u2019une pr\u00e9vision ni d\u2019un espoir \u00e0 proprement parler mais de la photographie d\u2019une ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9cise (2020) dont on fait l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se th\u00e9orique que les conditions de mortalit\u00e9 se perp\u00e9tueront \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n
La baisse plus accentu\u00e9e de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie aux \u00c9tats-Unis qu\u2019en France s\u2019explique par les d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s pour cause de Covid dont ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes les jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adrations fr\u00e9quemment atteintes de comorbidit\u00e9s (ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, diab\u00e8te) outre-Atlantique ou vuln\u00e9rables du fait de la drogue et des opiac\u00e9s. \u00ab\u00a0Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 35 \u00e0 45\u00a0ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les plus touch\u00e9es par une hausse du taux de mortalit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, <\/em>soulignent les experts du NHSC<\/em>.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Autre cons\u00e9quence mortif\u00e8re de la Covid, certes de moindre ampleur statistique, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont connu en 2020 une recrudescence vertigineuse des \u00adhomicides. Le FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)<\/em> en a identifi\u00e9 21.570 sur tout le territoire contre 16.669 en 2019, en augmentation de 29\u00a0%, un rythme in\u00e9dit depuis 1905 (les donn\u00e9es partielles n\u2019indiquent pas de reflux en 2021). Aucun \u00c9tat n\u2019est \u00e9pargn\u00e9, avec des records dans le Montana (+\u00a084\u00a0%) et dans les \u00adgrandes villes comme New York (+\u00a047\u00a0%). Le taux d\u2019homicide a \u00adbondi, de 6\u00a0pour 100.000\u00a0habitants \u00e0 7,8 dans l\u2019ensemble du pays. La \u00adpalme revient \u00e0 Philadelphie, la cit\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0de l\u2019amour fraternel\u00a0\u00bb, berceau de la d\u00e9mocratie am\u00e9ricaine, qui \u00add\u00e9plore un ratio d\u2019homicides de plus de 35\u00a0pour 100.000. \u00ab\u00a0Notre ville a un fort taux de pauvret\u00e9, d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, de probl\u00e8mes de \u00adlogement, de probl\u00e8mes psychologiques, et un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif \u00adsous-financ\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, note Dorothy \u00adJohnson-Speight, directrice de \u00adl\u2019association Mothers in Charge<\/em>.<\/p>\n
Les experts r\u00e9put\u00e9s pour leur impartialit\u00e9 du Pew Research Center (PRC)<\/em>, centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes transpartisan disposant d\u2019\u00e9normes moyens, n\u2019arrivent pas \u00e0 s\u2019expliquer un tel d\u00e9luge de violence. Ils \u00e9voquent \u00ab\u00a0une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de causes, incluant les changements \u00e9conomiques et soci\u00e9taux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de coronavirus et les changements dans les relations entre la police et la population apr\u00e8s le meurtre de George Floyd, au printemps 2020\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n
Seule certitude, les Am\u00e9ricains consid\u00e8rent \u00e0 61\u00a0% que les actes criminels constituent \u00ab\u00a0un gros probl\u00e8me pour le pays\u00a0\u00bb, devan\u00e7ant de tr\u00e8s loin les autres pr\u00e9occupations (d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire, changement climatique, racisme, in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, immigration ill\u00e9gale), selon un sondage du Pew Research Center<\/em> de juillet 2021. Ce consensus n\u2019emp\u00eache pourtant pas l\u2019opinion publique d\u2019\u00eatre tr\u00e8s divis\u00e9e. Les progressistes accusent les ventes d\u2019armes (\u00e0 un niveau historique, 23\u00a0millions d\u2019unit\u00e9s vendues en 2020, selon Small Arms Analytics & Forecasting<\/em>), les conservateurs leur reprochant de vouloir transf\u00e9rer les cr\u00e9dits de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 vers des program\u00admes sociaux (\u00ab\u00a0Defund the Police\u00a0\u00bb)<\/em>.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence, la crise sanitaire contribue \u00e0 exacerber les faiblesses propres \u00e0 chaque pays. L\u2019addiction \u00e0 la violence devenue embl\u00e9matique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine a empir\u00e9 et son taux d\u2019homicides est de \u00e0 cinq \u00e0 six fois celui des Europ\u00e9ens (en France,\u00a02 meurtres d\u2019hommes pour 100.000 habitants et un taux de f\u00e9minicides de 0,9). De m\u00eame, parmi les pays \u00ab\u00a0riches\u00a0\u00bb, les \u00c9tats-Unis confront\u00e9s \u00e0 la paup\u00e9risation de la classe moyenne se distinguent depuis 2014 par un reflux ininterrompu de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie. Laquelle est d\u00e9sormais inf\u00e9rieure au niveau de la Chine (77,3\u00a0ans)\u00a0!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Les Am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 la peine\u00a0? Le Figaro \u2013Jean-Pierre Robin \u2013 28 f\u00e9v 2022 .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A l\u2019issue de deux ann\u00e9es de pand\u00e9mie, il est des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_full.php","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-only-in-the-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 la peine ? 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