{"id":29383,"date":"2021-10-03T22:34:50","date_gmt":"2021-10-03T20:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/?p=29383"},"modified":"2021-10-03T22:34:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T20:34:51","slug":"un-train-secret-passe-sous-le-capitole-a-washington","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/un-train-secret-passe-sous-le-capitole-a-washington\/","title":{"rendered":"Un train secret passe sous le Capitole \u00e0 Washington."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Un train secret passe sous le Capitole\u00a0\u00e0 Washington.<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
Ouest-France - Agence France-Presse (AFP) \u2013 01 oct 2021<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n
Depuis 1909, le syst\u00e8me ferroviaire souterrain du Capitole, \u00e0 Washington (\u00c9tats-Unis), transporte des pr\u00e9sidents am\u00e9ricains, des parlementaires, des juges de la Cour supr\u00eame et m\u00eame des stars d\u2019Hollywood. Ce train secret est devenu le mode de transport pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 de certaines personnalit\u00e9s politiques pour se rendre au Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain.<\/em><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 par des pr\u00e9sidents, des parlementaires briguant la Maison-Blanche, des juges de la Cour supr\u00eame et m\u00eame des stars d\u2019Hollywood\u2026 C\u2019est le mode de transport pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 de certains politiques, parmi les plus influents du monde. Et pourtant, la plupart des Am\u00e9ricains ignorent son existence. Le syst\u00e8me ferroviaire souterrain du Capitole \u00e0 Washington (\u00c9tats-Unis), un r\u00e9seau de petits trains qui parcourent les entrailles du si\u00e8ge du Congr\u00e8s, transporte les parlementaires depuis 1909, ann\u00e9e de son inauguration.<\/p>\n
Un peu d\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Ce m\u00e9tro \u00e9tait d\u2019abord destin\u00e9 aux s\u00e9nateurs,\u00a0qui esp\u00e9raient ainsi \u00e9viter la forte chaleur moite de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington pour faire le trajet de leurs bureaux jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019H\u00e9micycle. Il s\u2019agissait au d\u00e9part d\u2019automobiles \u00e9lectriques (Studebaker<\/em>) qui furent remplac\u00e9es trois ans plus tard par un syst\u00e8me monorail.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n
Voil\u00e0 \u00e0 quoi ressemblait le train \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, comme ici en 1934. (Photo\u00a0: Library of Congress \/ AFP)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
Puis, en 1960, quatre petits trains \u00e9lectriques, que l\u2019aum\u00f4nier du S\u00e9nat surnomma \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019express de la d\u00e9mocratie\u00a0\u00bb, furent inaugur\u00e9s pour un co\u00fbt de 75.000\u00a0dollars de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants, une ligne fut mise en place cinq ans plus tard. Et en 1993, une ligne sans chauffeur \u00e0 18\u00a0millions de dollars fut inaugur\u00e9e en grande pompe.<\/p>\n
D\u00e9sormais, ce m\u00e9tro du Capitole comporte trois lignes et six stations.\u00a0Les rails parcourent pr\u00e8s d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre et les 90\u00a0secondes n\u00e9cessaires pour passer d\u2019une station \u00e0 l\u2019autre offrent juste assez de temps pour un mini-d\u00e9bat politique, de petits potins, une conf\u00e9rence de presse improvis\u00e9e ou un moment de r\u00eaverie.<\/p>\n
Un assassinat rat\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>L\u2019effervescence r\u00e8gne dans sa station principale, install\u00e9e dans les sous-sols du S\u00e9nat, lorsque les parlementaires si\u00e8gent. \u00c0 chacune des arriv\u00e9es de trains rythm\u00e9es par des sonneries, une nu\u00e9e de journalistes se rue sur les s\u00e9nateurs pour les interroger sur les sujets br\u00fblants du jour. Mais les \u00e9changes ne sont pas toujours conviviaux.<\/p>\n
En 1947, un ex-policier du Capitole, William Kaiser, avait ouvert le feu sur un s\u00e9nateur, John Bricker. Ce candidat malheureux \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidentielle s\u2019\u00e9tait alors engouffr\u00e9 dans une rame de train \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat, criant au chauffeur de d\u00e9marrer tandis qu\u2019une deuxi\u00e8me balle passait au-dessus de sa t\u00eate. \u00ab\u00a0La chance et le fait que son assaillant \u00e9tait un tr\u00e8s mauvais tireur ont sauv\u00e9 le s\u00e9nateur\u00a0\u00bb,<\/em> avait rapport\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque le New York Times<\/em>. En d\u2019autres temps plus apais\u00e9s, les politiques ont aussi pu trouver dans ces trains un havre de paix, loin du rythme fr\u00e9n\u00e9tique de Washington.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
\u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, les utilisateurs ont toutes leurs aises pour bavarder. (Photo\u00a0: Olivier Douliery \/ AFP)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
Acc\u00e8s refus\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0JFK\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>William Howard Taft, le 27e<\/sup> pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis, avait ainsi provoqu\u00e9 la panique de son entourage en disparaissant un samedi de janvier\u00a01911 pendant une heure environ\u2026 pour aller voir les trains du Capitole. \u00ab\u00a0Une intense vague de peur avait submerg\u00e9 la ville lorsqu\u2019aux questions anxieuses lanc\u00e9es \u00e0 la Maison-Blanche, on r\u00e9pondit qu\u2019on ne savait pas o\u00f9 se trouvait le pr\u00e9sident\u00a0\u00bb, <\/em>avait \u00e9crit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque le Washington Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n
Des pr\u00e9tendants \u00e0 la Maison-Blanche comme Ronald Reagan mais aussi Barack Obama et John McCain, s\u00e9nateurs pendant leurs campagnes, ont voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 bord du train du Congr\u00e8s. On en avait en revanche refus\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un jeune \u00ab\u00a0JFK\u00a0\u00bb, qui n\u2019\u00e9tait alors encore que le simple s\u00e9nateur Jack Kennedy, en lui disant\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Laissez passer les s\u00e9nateurs, fiston.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
L\u2019une des stations du m\u00e9tro secret situ\u00e9 dans le sous-sol du Congr\u00e8s. (Photo\u00a0: Olivier Douliery \/ AFP<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n
Les c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9s adorent<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Le train n\u2019a pas que des inconditionnels. Certains ont regrett\u00e9 l\u2019impact n\u00e9faste de son passage sur leurs coiffures soign\u00e9es. Un ancien parlementaire r\u00e9publicain, Mike DeWine, avait interdit aux membres de son \u00e9quipe de le prendre, pour d\u00e9noncer ce qu\u2019il consid\u00e9rait comme du gaspillage d\u2019argent public.<\/p>\n
Des\u00a0c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9s aussi ont go\u00fbt\u00e9 aux plaisirs de ce train inattendu\u00a0: Richard Gere, Chuck Norris, Denzel Washington ou le musicien Bono. Le compositeur et acteur Lin-Manuel Miranda, auteur de la com\u00e9die musicale Hamilton<\/em>, s\u2019est m\u00eame film\u00e9 en 2017, chantant \u00e0 tue-t\u00eate \u00e0 bord de ce qu\u2019il pr\u00e9sentait comme le \u00ab\u00a0train secret du Congr\u00e8s\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n
Certains habitu\u00e9s voient pourtant la fr\u00e9quentation du m\u00e9tro du Capitole baisser, les parlementaires \u00e9tant de plus en plus nombreux \u00e0 compter leurs pas pour rester en forme, et \u00e0 pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer marcher le long des voies. Le flot de passagers ne risque toutefois pas de se tarir tant que les \u00e9lus devront sillonner les entrailles du Capitole entre un vote et une r\u00e9union. Et, comme le souligne l\u2019historien\u00a0Dan Holt, cela reste le moyen de transport id\u00e9al \u00ab\u00a0si vous \u00eates press\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un train secret passe sous le Capitole\u00a0\u00e0 Washington. Ouest-France – Agence France-Presse (AFP) \u2013 01 oct 2021 Depuis 1909, le syst\u00e8me ferroviaire souterrain du Capitole, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_full.php","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-only-in-the-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nUn train secret passe sous le Capitole \u00e0 Washington. 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