{"id":25941,"date":"2020-03-06T14:48:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T13:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/?p=25941"},"modified":"2020-03-06T16:15:00","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T15:15:00","slug":"a-lorigine-du-parti-democrate-un-parti-esclavagiste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/a-lorigine-du-parti-democrate-un-parti-esclavagiste\/","title":{"rendered":"A l\u2019origine du parti d\u00e9mocrate : un parti esclavagiste"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A l\u2019origine du parti d\u00e9mocrate : un parti esclavagiste<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

France Culture - Derwell Queffelec \u2013 26 f\u00e9v 2020<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Si aujourd'hui, le parti d\u00e9mocrate am\u00e9ricain se veut progressiste, \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation les fondateurs, favorables \u00e0 l'esclavage, \u00e9taient aux antipodes des principes actuels.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/span>\"Les anc\u00eatres des d\u00e9mocrates faisaient partis de l\u2019\u00e9lite des planteurs sudistes, des gens dont le mode de vie, la fortune reposaient enti\u00e8rement sur le syst\u00e8me esclavagiste<\/em>\", d\u00e9crit Nicole Bacharan, historienne.<\/p>\n
Un parti \u00e0 la fois r\u00e9publicain et d\u00e9mocrate <\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/span>Au XIXe si\u00e8cle les partis politiques am\u00e9ricains \u00e9taient radicalement oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, le parti d\u00e9mocrate \u00e9tait esclavagiste alors que le parti r\u00e9publicain \u00e9tait abolitionniste. En 1792, le parti d\u00e9mocrate est le descendant du parti r\u00e9publicain-d\u00e9mocrate fond\u00e9 par Thomas Jefferson, auteur de la D\u00e9claration d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance. L\u2019homme politique \u00e9tait favorable \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage puisqu\u2019il poss\u00e9dait une plantation en Virginie avec de nombreux esclaves.<\/p>\n
Plus vieux parti politique am\u00e9ricain, il se d\u00e9finit comme \u201canti-f\u00e9d\u00e9raliste\u201d : repr\u00e9sentant les citoyens ordinaires et contre l\u2019\u00e9lite urbaine. \"Le terme <\/em>\u201cd\u00e9mocrate\u201d semble davantage attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la participation populaire, \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie repr\u00e9sentative. Le terme <\/em>\u201cr\u00e9publicain\u201d est quant \u00e0 lui centr\u00e9 sur une forme de gouvernement o\u00f9 il n\u2019y a pas de monarques. Mais ce n\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s clair pour d\u00e9finir un parti politique\u2026\"<\/em>, explicite Nicole Bacharan.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Convention des d\u00e9mocrates \u2022 Cr\u00e9dits : Getty<\/em><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/span>Le parti r\u00e9publicain-d\u00e9mocrate vole en \u00e9clats au moment de d\u00e9signer un candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l\u2019esclavage commence \u00e0 \u00eatre aboli au Nord, contrairement au Sud. Andrew Jackson d\u00e9cide de faire sa campagne aupr\u00e8s des fermiers du Sud, esclavagistes. Il se pr\u00e9sente comme un candidat d\u00e9mocrate, anti-f\u00e9d\u00e9raliste et populiste. Mais les \u00e9lites puritaines ne le soutiennent pas et pr\u00e9sentent un autre candidat, abolitionniste, qui gagne l\u2019\u00e9lection sous l\u2019\u00e9tiquette \u201cnational r\u00e9publicain\u201d. Andrew Jackson gagnera l\u2019\u00e9lection suivante, en 1828.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/span>En tant qu'ancien g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, une de ses premi\u00e8res actions est de confisquer les terres des Am\u00e9rindiens. Il envoie des troupes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales pour expulser les autochtones et revendre les terres \u00e0 des fermiers blancs. Ils seront d\u00e9port\u00e9s vers l\u2019Ouest, entre 1831 et 1838, en empruntant la \u201cpiste des larmes<\/em>\u201d, (en cherokee : Nunna daul Isunyi, \u00ab La piste o\u00f9 ils ont pleur\u00e9 \u00bb<\/em> ; en anglais : Trail of tears<\/em>) le nom donn\u00e9 au parcours de cette marche forc\u00e9e o\u00f9 beaucoup vont mourir de faim et de froid.<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Le Nord et le Sud en d\u00e9saccord<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\"Les int\u00e9r\u00eats du Nord industriel et du Sud agricole \u00e9taient vraiment tr\u00e8s oppos\u00e9s et incompatibles. On sentait qu\u2019on allait vers le conflit. Ce qui a mis le feu aux poudres, ce f\u00fbt l\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019Abraham Lincoln, r\u00e9publicain, le parti r\u00e9publicain \u00e9tant alors un jeune parti esclavagiste. En 1860, Lincoln est \u00e9lu et c\u2019est ce qui d\u00e9clenche la s\u00e9cession du Sud<\/em>\", raconte Nicole Barachan.<\/p>\n
Jefferson Davis, d\u00e9mocrate, cr\u00e9ateur du premier parti politique et fervent d\u00e9fenseur de l\u2019esclavagisme, prend la t\u00eate de ce conglom\u00e9rat d\u2019\u00c9tats du Sud.<\/p>\n
En 1865, la guerre de S\u00e9cession prend fin et Abraham Lincoln, avant d\u2019\u00eatre assassin\u00e9, milite pour un amendement interdisant l\u2019esclavage. Le 13e amendement (qui abolit l'esclavage et la servitude involontaire aux \u00c9tats-Unis, sauf en cas de punition pour un crime) est adopt\u00e9 le 06 d\u00e9cembre 1865.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>C'est \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque que se forme le Ku Klux Klan, pour terroriser les citoyens noirs du Sud. \u00c0 la t\u00eate du KKK \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, on retrouve un ancien d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 d\u00e9mocrate. Un lien \u00e9troit qui continuera puisque le pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9mocrate Woodrow Wilson soutiendra publiquement le KKK et la politique s\u00e9gr\u00e9gationniste plusieurs si\u00e8cles plus tard.<\/p>\n
\"\u00c0 la fin de la guerre de S\u00e9cession, les planteurs sudistes n\u2019ont pas chang\u00e9 de vision du monde, ils ont juste perdu la guerre. Assez rapidement, dans les d\u00e9cennies qui ont suivi la guerre, l\u2019esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement aboli mais le Sud, par \u00e9tapes, est revenu \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me ultra-s\u00e9gr\u00e9gationniste, ultra-raciste. Les \u00e9lecteurs sudistes, les \u00e9lecteurs blancs ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 voter d\u00e9mocrate dans un syst\u00e8me s\u00e9gr\u00e9gationniste extr\u00eamement dur, extr\u00eamement violent et cela a dur\u00e9 pendant presque un si\u00e8cle<\/em>\", explique Nicole Barachan.<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>1932 est l'ann\u00e9e du tournant du parti d\u00e9mocrate, il se fera gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection de Franklin Roosevelt pendant la crise \u00e9conomique. Le parti d\u00e9cide alors de s\u2019emparer des questions autour du social, de l\u2019emploi et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Franklin Roosevelt devient le premier pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9mocrate \u00e0 rompre avec la tradition des \u00c9tats du Sud et \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier le fameux \u201cNew Deal<\/em>\u201d qui met fin \u00e0 la mentalit\u00e9 d\u00e9mocrate anti-f\u00e9d\u00e9raliste.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A l\u2019origine du parti d\u00e9mocrate : un parti esclavagiste France Culture – Derwell Queffelec \u2013 26 f\u00e9v 2020 .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Si aujourd’hui, le parti d\u00e9mocrate am\u00e9ricain […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_full.php","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-only-in-the-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nA l\u2019origine du parti d\u00e9mocrate : un parti esclavagiste - Jumelage<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Si aujourd'hui, le parti d\u00e9mocrate am\u00e9ricain se veut progressiste, \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation les fondateurs, favorables \u00e0 l'esclavage, \u00e9taient aux antipodes des principes actuels.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/a-lorigine-du-parti-democrate-un-parti-esclavagiste\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A l\u2019origine du parti d\u00e9mocrate : un parti esclavagiste - 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