{"id":11801,"date":"2018-11-17T18:41:03","date_gmt":"2018-11-17T17:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/?p=11801"},"modified":"2018-11-17T18:49:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-17T17:49:57","slug":"midterms-2018-quand-lamerique-se-reinvente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jumelage.org\/francais\/midterms-2018-quand-lamerique-se-reinvente\/","title":{"rendered":"Midterms 2018 : quand l\u2019Am\u00e9rique se r\u00e9invente."},"content":{"rendered":"
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Midterms 2018 : quand l\u2019Am\u00e9rique se r\u00e9invente.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Contrepoints - Matthieu Vasseur<\/em> \u2013 12 nov 2018<\/em><\/pre>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> Assiste-t-on \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9puisement du mod\u00e8le institu\u00e9 par Franklin Roosevelt et le New Deal ?<\/strong><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>... En profondeur se joue une crise plus profonde\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9puisement du mode de gouvernance \u00e9pistocratique institu\u00e9 par Franklin Roosevelt et le New Deal<\/em> et incarn\u00e9 par quelque 430 agences f\u00e9d\u00e9rales, drap\u00e9es dans leur expertise technique et ne rendant de compte qu\u2019\u00e0 elles-m\u00eames. Les services publics p\u00e9riclitent, les lobbies prolif\u00e8rent et les d\u00e9ficits explosent\u00a0: chacun peut constater que ce syst\u00e8me-l\u00e0 ne fonctionne plus.<\/p>\n
Selon la th\u00e9orie cyclique de l\u2019Histoire am\u00e9ricaine de Strauss et Howe, les \u00c9tats-Unis sont parvenus \u00e0 leur \u00ab\u00a0Quatri\u00e8me Tournant\u00a0\u00bb, celui qui marque la crise convulsive d\u2019un cycle g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnel de 80\/100 ans, dont les quatre \u00ab\u00a0tournants\u00a0\u00bb successifs, de 20\/25 ans chacun, sont\u00a0: la Pl\u00e9nitude, le R\u00e9veil, le D\u00e9clin et la Crise.<\/p>\n
Le cycle actuel avait \u00e9t\u00e9 entam\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre Mondiale, \u00e9poque triomphale des technocrates, des multinationales hi\u00e9rarchiques et du \u00ab Big is Beautiful\u00a0\u00bb, quand \u00ab\u00a0ce qui \u00e9tait bon pour General Motors \u00e9tait bon pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique et vice-versa\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Les ekpyroses pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9taient la Guerre d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance de 1775-1783, la Guerre Civile de 1861-1865 et la Grande D\u00e9pression suivie de la Deuxi\u00e8me Guerre Mondiale, de 1929 \u00e0 1945, et chacune avait permis de renouveler le contrat social am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n
Aujourd\u2019hui, toutes les sources traditionnelles d\u2019autorit\u00e9 en Am\u00e9rique sont en capilotade\u00a0: la technocratie f\u00e9d\u00e9rale (hypertrophi\u00e9e et pr\u00e9datrice), les universit\u00e9s (explosion des co\u00fbts, discriminations raciales \u00e0 l\u2019admission, hyper-id\u00e9ologisation des humanit\u00e9s), les media (devenus organes de propagande, en faveur des R\u00e9publicains pour Fox News<\/em> et des D\u00e9mocrates pour les autres), l\u2019\u00c9glise (p\u00e9dophilie),\u00a0Hollywood (scandales sexuels).<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/strong>Les raisons du discr\u00e9dit sont diverses, mais elles ont une m\u00eame origine\u00a0: les Am\u00e9ricains, peuple visc\u00e9ralement libertaire, ne font plus confiance en leurs \u00ab\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs\u00a0\u00bb pour leur dicter le Bien et le Vrai. La pens\u00e9e homog\u00e9n\u00e9is\u00e9e qui venait d\u2019en haut c\u00e8de le pas \u00e0 un d\u00e9bat horizontal pluraliste, pour le meilleur et pour le pire. \u2026<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>Quand les institutions surplombantes perdent leur l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, les adversaires se trouvent seuls face \u00e0 face, sans arbitre pour apaiser les conflits.<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u00a0La crise consiste justement dans le fait que l\u2019ancien meurt et que le nouveau ne peut pas na\u00eetre : pendant cet inter-r\u00e8gne, on observe les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes morbides les plus vari\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> disait Gramsci. On voit se profiler au loin les contours du nouveau monde, qui pourra donner naissance \u00e0 une nouvelle Pl\u00e9nitude \u00ab\u00a0apais\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: il constituera en une d\u00e9construction radicale de l\u2019\u00c9tat administratif, les \u00c9tats-Unis renouant avec leur tradition f\u00e9d\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n
Le Midwest \u00ab\u00a0rouge\u00a0\u00bb (R\u00e9publicain) se diff\u00e9rencie de plus en plus des C\u00f4tes \u00ab\u00a0bleues\u00a0\u00bb (D\u00e9mocrates), il faut donc r\u00e9duire les r\u00e8gles communes au strict minimum et, pour le reste, laisser chaque \u00c9tat vivre comme il l\u2019entend. Re-localis\u00e9e, l\u2019administration retrouvera sa l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et son efficacit\u00e9. Pour en arriver l\u00e0, la lutte sera rude, car la bureaucratie f\u00e9d\u00e9rale ne se sacrifiera pas docilement.\u00a0\u2026<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> With startling originality, The Fourth Turning<\/em> illuminates the past, explains the present, and reimagines the future. Most remarkably, it offers an utterly persuasive prophecy about a new American era that will begin just after the millennium.<\/span><\/p>\n
William Strauss and Neil Howe base this vision on a provocative new theory of American history<\/u>. The authors look back five hundred years and uncover a distinct pattern: Modern history moves in cycles, each one lasting about the length of a long human life, each composed of four eras--or \"turnings\"<\/u>--that last about twenty years and that always arrive in the same order.<\/span><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span>First comes a High, a period of confident expansion<\/u> as a new order takes root after the old has been swept away. Next comes an Awakening, a time of spiritual exploration and rebellion<\/u> against the now-established order. Then comes an Unraveling, an increasingly troubled era<\/u> in which individualism triumphs over crumbling institutions. Last comes a Crisis--the Fourth Turning--<\/u>when society passes through a great and perilous gate in history. Together, the four turnings comprise history's seasonal rhythm of growth, maturation, entropy, and rebirth.<\/span><\/p>\n
.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span> <\/strong>Strauss and Howe locate today's America as midway through an Unraveling, roughly a decade away from the next era of Crisis. In a brilliant analysis of the post-World War II period, they show how generational dynamics are the key to understanding the cycles of American history. They draw vivid portraits of all the modern generations: the can-do G.I.s, the mediating Silent, the values-absorbed Boomers, the pragmatic 13ers, and the child Millennials. Placed in the context of history's long rhythms, the persona and role of each generation become clear--as does the inevitability of the coming Crisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Midterms 2018 : quand l\u2019Am\u00e9rique se r\u00e9invente. Contrepoints – Matthieu Vasseur \u2013 12 nov 2018 .\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Assiste-t-on \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9puisement du mod\u00e8le institu\u00e9 par Franklin Roosevelt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"post-templates\/post_full.php","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-only-in-the-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nMidterms 2018 : quand l\u2019Am\u00e9rique se r\u00e9invente. 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